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(with silver ink also having been used as an additional interconnect layer). For modularity and rapid prototyping, Adelan has fixed stacks and sub-stacks of cells that can be connected to create the desired system size and power output, rather than assembling the cells together from scratch. The sub-stacks are assemblies of four cells for nominally 25 W each, while the stacks consist of 15-20 cells for a nominal 100 W each (as in the basic module). Balance of plant Dr Kendall says the weight of the module tends to be roughly equivalent to that of the battery it is paired with. The systems built so far tend to consist of one half battery, the other half fuel cells (including BoP) plus tank. The BoP consists of five general areas. A gas management system feeds fuel into the cell stack, balances its flow inside the cell, and removes exhaust in the form of water vapour. A heat management system generates and maintains the required working temperatures for catalytic and oxidisation reactions. An electrical management system extracts current from the cells via the connections between them. An air management system supplies air to the fuel cell as a source of oxygen and for cooling. Lastly, the packaging has fibrous insulation to maintain the high heat levels inside the module, as well as Adelan solid oxide fuel cell | Dossier The enclosure of the fuel cell module can be made using carbon fibre instead of metal, which reduces the standard weight from 5 kg to 1.5 kg At the heart of the world’s most demanding engines For over 40 years our unparalleled expertise in the design and manufacture of compact, lightweight and reliable engine components has been employed to meet the highest demands of engine manufacturers, UAV constructors and aviation specialists worldwide. Call us +44 1455 234 200 [email protected] OVER 40 YEARS OF BRITISH ENGINEERING Discover innovation at arrowprecision.com © Arrow Precision Engineering Ltd Est.1974 7938 Arrow AV ad Dec19Op4.indd 1 04/12/2019 16:35