Uncrewed Systems Technology 043 l Auve Tech Iseauto taxi l Charging focus l Advanced Navigation Hydrus l UGVs insight l MVVS 116 l Windracers ULTRA l CES 2022 show report l ECUs focus I Distant Imagery

106 Focus | ECUs cells are by their nature high-current, low- voltage systems, so the net result is much higher EMI from cells than engines. As a result, connectors must be better shielded, often with custom back- shells, or harnesses must be potted; the enclosures must be designed around this, as well as being tested to very high standards of EMC. This is vital, as the collective EMI from a fuel cell and the launch environment can be huge and cause severe issues for the ECU, particularly with hydrogen-electric autonomous vehicles now operating in high-emissions environments such as cities and on maritime vessels. Conclusion As far as the volumes of the autonomous vehicle market are concerned, high-end ECUs are still widely available for delivery and integration in fuel-powered UAVs and other platforms. With hardware architectures now well-matured and each software update bringing an array of improvements, manufacturers and users of unmanned systems would do well to retrofit their powertrains with the latest generation of ECUs to better ensure clean, efficient and safe operations in all environments. Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Bill Vaglienti and Ross Hoag at Power4Flight, Sergio Moscat at Moscat Ingeniería y Consultoría, Tim Michaeliszyn and Brian Lewis at Performance Electronics, Tim Klein at Northwest UAV, and Aaron Burnie at Orbital UAV for their help with researching this article. April/May 2022 | Unmanned Systems Technology AUSTRALIA Currawong Engineering +61 3 6229 1973 www.currawongeng.com Haltech +61 2 9729 0999 www.haltech.com Orbital Corporation +61 8 9441 2311 www.orbitalcorp.com.au AUSTRIA Bosch General Aviation Technology +43 1 79722 4300 www.bosch-aviation.com GERMANY Sky Power +49 617 226 54258 www.skypower.online ITALY Zanzottera Technologies +39 0344 326 86 www.zanzotteraengines.com LATVIA UAV Factory +371 29191590 www.uavfactory.com SPAIN Moscat Ingenieria +34 91 491 0236 www.moscatingenieria.com TAIWAN Hioki +886 2 2775 1210 www.hioki.com UK Advanced Innovative Engineering +44 1543 420700 www.aieuk.com Corintech +44 1425 655655 www.corintech.com Cosworth +44 1604 598300 www.cosworth.com Ilmor Engineering +44 1604 799100 www.ilmor.co.uk OMEX Technology +44 1242 260656 www.omextechnology.co.uk Rotron Power +44 1747 440 510 www.rotronuav.com UAVE +44 1545 561111 www.uave.co.uk UAV Engines +44 1543 481819 www.uavenginesltd.co.uk USA Cobra Aero +1 517 437 9100 www.cobra-aero.com Collins Aerospace +1 860 654 6000 www.collinsaerospace.com Ecotrons +1 248 891 6965 www.ecotrons.com EFI Technology +1 310 793 2505 www.efitechnology.com HFE International +1 520 578 0818 www.hfeinternational.com Northwest UAV +1 503 434 6845 www.nwuav.com OpenECU +1 734 656 0140 www.openecu.com Performance Electronics +1 513 777 5233 www.pe-ltd.com Power4Flight +1 541 308 0650 www.power4flight.com Examples of ECU manufacturers and suppliers