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91 The VTOL craft is also intended for emergency rescue operations, and its application for type certification has been accepted by Japan’s Ministry of Transport, helping SkyDrive towards its aim of providing SD-03s as air taxis for the World Expo 2025 in Osaka. The Model SD-03 is fully electric, measures roughly 4 x 4 x 2 m, and has a MTOW of 400 kg. It is powered by eight rotors, cruises at airspeeds between 40 and 50 kph, and at the time of writing featured a maximum endurance of 10 minutes between charges. SkyDrive also develops a cargo delivery UAV called the SkyLift, a 1.8 x 1.2 x 1.0 m octocopter weighing capable of lifting a 30 kg payload over 1 km round trips, with a top speed of 36 kph and a maximum endurance when fully loaded and hovering of up to 9 minutes. Other potential applications for it include construction and logistics markets. Korean automotive parts supplier and EV and self-driving solutions developer Mando Corporation showcased (and won an award for) its IDB2 HAD integrated dynamic brake for autonomous driving. The IDB2 HAD is billed as the first commercially available integrated (single- box) electronic brake with a dual safety design developed around a full redundancy concept to prevent single points of failure from disrupting normal driving. It is also envisioned as a complement to e-brake pedals, enabling ‘auto stow’ functionality to fold or unfold the pedal when needed in autonomous driving conditions. It has also been designed without mechanical connections, instead using electrical connections to better enable drive- by-wire for self-driving vehicle applications, and complement the ‘steer-by-wire’ solutions previously showcased by Mando. By opting for a single-box design without mechanical connections to the brake pedal (and a number of other components typical of usual braking solutions), the IDB2 HAD is intended to provide reduced assembly times, a lower carbon footprint and a smaller volume requirement than conventional brake systems. Mando also plans to unveil a new ‘brake-by-wire’ product equipped with the IDB2 HAD in 2023. Avikus, a subsidiary of Hyundai Heavy Industries specialising in autonomous navigation technologies for ships, announced a collaboration with the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) on trials of autonomous ship technology. The organisations signed a memorandum of understanding at the show, which will see Avikus starting stage- by-stage demonstration tests for its various solutions. These include the Hyundai Intelligent Navigation Assistant System, the Hyundai Intelligence Berthing Assistance System and the Hyundai Intelligent Navigation Assistant System 2.0. These will comply with the ABS Guide for Autonomous and Remote Control Functions published in July 2021, given ABS’ position as a maritime classification society that identifies technological suitability and criteria for promoting stable development across marine industries. ABS will carry out design reviews, regulate testing procedures, and verify each test stage’s implementation based on operational data from Avikus. In addition to assisting development of autonomous shipping technologies, insights gained from the real-world trials and collaborations will contribute to the improvement of standards and regulations for maritime autonomy. Having successfully demonstrated fully autonomous cruising in Korea in June 2021, Avikus next plans to jointly demonstrate autonomous shipping with the ABS with a transoceanic voyage of a large-scale commercial vessel, development of which is underway. “Autonomous vessels will have a significant role to play in the future of maritime transportation, but they will need to be at least as safe as existing vessels,” said John McDonald at the ABS. “It will take extensive research and development, teamwork and sharing of expertise among the leading maritime players to get us there.” Avikus also showcased a leisure boat equipped with a fully autonomous navigation capability, and offered a VR navigation simulation of what the future maritime mobility sector might look like when exploiting autonomous vessel technology. One of the major highlights of the show was the first head-to-head autonomous racecar competition, held in collaboration with the Indy Autonomous Challenge (IAC). Team PoliMove CES 2022 | Report Unmanned Systems Technology | April/May 2022 SkyDrive showcased its Model SD-03 urban air taxi at the show